🎙️ Surgery - EP3: Fluid Balance and ReplacementWelcome to another episode of the MedSimu Surgery Podcast, where we break down surgical fundamentals for clinical excellence and exam prep. Today’s focus is fluid balance—a vital concept in both acute and routine surgical care.🎧 Tune in to Learn:✅ Fluid Compartments – ICF vs. ECF, and the 60/40/20 rule✅ Monitoring – Clinical signs, urine output, daily weight, U&E✅ Causes of Imbalance – Third spacing, surgery, kidney disease, iatrogenic errors✅ Fluid Resuscitation – Shock criteria and emergency bolus strategy✅ Maintenance Fluids – 25–30 mL/kg/day and the 100-50-20 rule explained✅ Replacement Therapy – Calculating deficits, matching ongoing losses, adjusting for intake✅ Electrolytes – Safe correction of sodium, potassium, and the role of labsChaptersWhether you’re managing NBM patients, resuscitating trauma, or preparing for MRCS and surgical rotations, this episode will give you the clinical clarity you need.🔔 Subscribe to the MedSimu Surgery Podcast for more essential breakdowns on surgical care!#Surgery #FluidBalance #Electrolytes #MRCS #MedSimu #clinicalskills #medstudentpodcast

🎙️ Surgery - EP2: Burns – Initial Assessment & ManagementWelcome to another episode of the MedSimu Surgery Podcast, your essential audio companion for mastering surgical concepts and exam preparation. In this episode, we explore the structured approach to burn injury management, ideal for those preparing for MRCS, USMLE, PLAB, NEET-PG, or clinical practice.🎧 Tune in to Learn:✅ Initial Assessment – Trauma priorities, Rule of Nines, and estimating TBSA.✅ Burn Pathophysiology – Systemic inflammatory response, capillary leak, Jackson's model.✅ Fluid Resuscitation – Using and adjusting the Parkland formula based on patient response.✅ Burn Depth Classification – Differentiating superficial, dermal, and full-thickness burns.✅ Wound Care & Surgery – Dressing, escharotomy, and skin grafting options.✅ Special Scenarios – Electrical, chemical, and circumferential burns.✅ Long-Term Issues – Hypermetabolic state, contractures, rehab, and psychological care.ChaptersWhether you’re learning the basics or reinforcing your understanding, this episode provides a high-yield, clinically focused framework to manage burn injuries effectively.🔔 Subscribe for more focused discussions from the MedSimu Surgery Podcast!#Surgery #Burns #Trauma #MRCS #MedSimu #medicalpodcast #burnmanagement

Explore the common condition known as Tennis Elbow, or Lateral Epicondylitis, drawing from our sources. Learn about the typical symptoms like sharp, intermittent pain over the lateral elbow that can radiate down the forearm, often aggravated by simple activities like gripping or using a screwdriver.Understand the likely cause – microtrauma and tendinosis, particularly at the origin of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle. We'll also discuss what doctors look for during an examination, including tenderness at the lateral epicondyle, increased pain with resisted wrist extension, and specific tests like the Coffee cup test, Mills' test, and Maudsley's test.Beyond the Diagnosis: Treating Your Tennis Elbow Dive into how Tennis Elbow is diagnosed and managed, according to our sources. While imaging studies like X-rays and MRIs are rarely the primary diagnostic tool but can help exclude other causes, the diagnosis is mainly based on clinical findings. Learn about potential conditions that can mimic Tennis Elbow, including nerve issues like Radiculopathy or Posterior Interosseus Syndrome, or joint problems like Osteoarthritis or Osteochondritis dissecans. We'll then cover the wide range of management options, starting with conservative approaches like activity cessation, ice, bracing, and medications like NSAIDs or short-term corticosteroid injections.Discover the importance of Physiotherapy with its various techniques, noted for its high success rate. Finally, understand when surgical intervention is considered (usually after 6 months of failed conservative management), and explore different surgical techniques discussed in the sources, including arthroscopic, open, and percutaneous needle procedures.

Explore Aortic Stenosis (AS), a significant heart valve condition discussed in our sources. Learn about the classic symptoms, including angina (chest pain), syncope (fainting), and signs of heart failure. Discover why the appearance of symptoms like angina or syncope is a critical turning point, often indicating a significantly reduced average survival without intervention. We'll also touch on the physical examination findings that can hint at AS, such as a characteristic small volume slow rising pulse, a forceful apex beat, and the distinctive ejection systolic murmur that often radiates to the carotid arteries.Delve into the diagnosis and management of Aortic Stenosis based on the sources. Understand the role of key investigations like Chest X-ray (CXR), Electrocardiogram (ECG), and especially the critical information provided by a 2D Echocardiogram, which can visualize the valve, assess left ventricular hypertrophy, and determine the pressure gradient and valve area. We'll discuss the differential diagnoses to consider. Finally, learn about the general management strategies, including treating associated conditions like anemia and heart failure, and the specific treatments like Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR), which is often recommended for symptomatic patients and can significantly improve survival, as well as temporary measures like balloon valvotomy.

Welcome to an episode dedicated to building your vocabulary in the language of anatomy! To accurately describe the human body and its movements, a precise set of terms is essential. This episode dives into these fundamental anatomical terms, drawing on information that categorizes them for clarity.We will begin with descriptive terms used to explain the relationship between body parts and structures. These include directional terms like anterior (towards the front) and posterior (towards the back), superior (towards the head) and inferior (towards the feet), and medial (towards the median plane) and lateral (away from the median plane). We will also cover terms describing depth, such as superficial and deep, relative to the body's surface.Next, we explore special terms used for limbs. Key concepts here are proximal (near the trunk) and distal (away from the trunk), which are used to describe positions along a limb. We will also touch on terms related to specific limb surfaces, such as the flexor surface and extensor surface, and terms for the hand and foot, like palmar or volar surface (towards the palm) and plantar surface (towards the sole).A significant part of this episode focuses on terms used to describe joint movements. These movements occur at various joints and are described in relation to an axis and a plane. We will define flexion, a movement that approximates the flexor surfaces of adjoining parts and reduces the joint angle, and extension, which approximates extensor surfaces and increases the joint angle. Other crucial movement terms covered include abduction, the movement of a limb away from the midline, and adduction, movement towards the midline. We will also explain rotation, movement around a long or vertical axis, circumduction, a circular, cone-like movement combining multiple angular movements, supination(rotation of the forearm/hand so the palm faces anteriorly), and pronation (rotation so the palm faces posteriorly). Terms describing foot movements like inversion (sole faces inwards) and eversion (sole faces outwards), and other movements like protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression will also be discussed.Finally, we will briefly introduce some terms used to describe bony features. These terms describe both depressions and openings, such as a foramen (a hole), fossa (a hollow depression), or meatus (a canal-like opening), as well as projections or processes, including a condyle (rounded projection), head (rounded articular projection beyond a neck), spine (long thin projection), and tuberosity (large rounded projection).Tune in to this episode to enhance your understanding of anatomical terminology, providing you with the fundamental language needed to describe the body with precision!